Independence Movement Day Description
March 1st Independence Movement Day (3·1절, Samiljeol) commemorates the nationwide independence movement against Japanese colonial rule that began on March 1, 1919. On that day, 33 Korean cultural and religious leaders issued a Declaration of Independence, and peaceful demonstrations erupted across the country involving an estimated two million Koreans. The movement was brutally suppressed but remains a defining moment of Korean national identity. An official ceremony is held annually at the Seodaemun Prison History Hall in Seoul, attended by the President and dignitaries. The Korean national flag (Taegeukgi) is displayed on buildings and homes nationwide. Government offices, banks, post offices, and schools close for the day. Many museums and historical sites offer free admission, including Independence Hall in Cheonan and the Seodaemun Prison History Hall. It is a day of reflection rather than celebration, with cultural events focused on historical education. Most retail businesses remain open. Public transport operates on normal schedules with possible detours around ceremony venues.
